What are the two general rules articulated for beneficent actions in research?

The correct response highlights the fundamental ethical principles articulated in the Belmont Report, specifically regarding the concept of beneficence. The two general rules for beneficent actions in research are grounded in the ethical obligation to protect the welfare of research participants.

"Do no harm" ensures that researchers must actively avoid causing physical, psychological, or social harm to participants. This principle emphasizes the importance of minimizing any risks associated with the study.

"Maximize potential benefits" plays into the idea that researchers should attempt to provide the greatest possible benefits, whether to the individual participants, the scientific community, or society at large. Balancing these aspects is crucial for ethical research practices, as it promotes the well-being of individuals while advancing knowledge and potentially improving public health or understanding.

The other options do not align with the core principles outlined in the Belmont Report. For example, maximizing harm or limiting benefits contradicts the ethical standards set for conducting research. Similarly, reducing costs and maximizing time do not relate to ethical considerations concerning participant welfare. Lastly, following local customs, while culturally important, does not specifically address the principles of beneficence pertinent to safeguarding participants' well-being in research.