What aspect does social justice focus on in research ethics?

Social justice in research ethics emphasizes fair treatment and equitable distribution of burdens and benefits among research participants. This principle holds that individuals or groups that may bear the burdens of research—such as participating in clinical trials or studies—should not be disproportionately affected without just cause. Instead, those who might face greater risks should have their burdens carefully considered, ensuring that they are treated fairly in relation to the potential benefits they may receive, as well as those reaped by society from the research findings.

While aspects such as equitable access to research findings or ensuring inclusivity in studies are essential in research ethics, they primarily represent different facets of justice. Equitable access focuses on ensuring that all participants can benefit from the outcomes of the research, while inclusion in studies highlights the need for diverse representation among research subjects. However, the core essence of social justice is rooted in the fair balancing of burdens and benefits, making fair treatment based on the potential to bear burdens the central aspect of social justice in research ethics.