What does 'empirical research' refer to in the context of the Belmont Report's application?

Empirical research in the context of the Belmont Report refers to studies that are grounded in systematic observation and data collection. This type of research relies on evidence gathered through direct or indirect experiences and focuses on generating knowledge based on observable phenomena.

The Belmont Report emphasizes the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice in research involving human subjects. To uphold these principles effectively, it is critical that research findings are derived from reliable and valid data, which is a hallmark of empirical research. By being rooted in actual observations and data rather than mere assumptions or theoretical speculation, empirical research contributes significantly to informed decision-making in ethical considerations for studies involving human participants.

Other options reflect aspects that fall outside the definition of empirical research, such as being solely theoretical or lacking in statistical analysis, which underscores the importance of data-driven approaches in maintaining ethical standards in research.