What is meant by 'non-engagement' in terms of research?

The concept of 'non-engagement' in research typically refers to a limited or reduced degree of involvement by institutions or researchers in the human subjects research process. It highlights situations where an institution may not fully commit to engaging with the ethical, oversight, or practical responsibilities associated with conducting research involving human participants.

This could mean that while the institution may not actively conduct certain research or may not have the infrastructure to support such activities, it still retains a level of institutional oversight and moral responsibility towards the conduct of research being done, possibly by external entities. Understanding 'non-engagement' in this context involves recognizing that it encompasses both the limitations of involvement in human subjects research and the compliance with ethical standards—ensuring that while research activities may be limited, the fundamental principles of ethics, respect, beneficence, and justice still guide the approach.

Other options describe varying levels of engagement or disengagement that either imply a lack of oversight or complete absence from any research activities, which do not accurately capture the nuanced understanding of 'non-engagement'.