What principle requires fair and equitable treatment of individuals in research?

The principle that requires fair and equitable treatment of individuals in research is Justice. This principle emphasizes the need for fairness in the selection of research subjects and the distribution of both the benefits and burdens of research. It ensures that no specific group is unfairly burdened by the research, while others benefit disproportionately.

In practice, the principle of Justice addresses issues related to who is included in research studies and who has access to the benefits of research outcomes. It aims to prevent exploitation of vulnerable populations and to ensure that benefits derived from research are shared equitably among all segments of society.

Other principles such as Beneficence focus on minimizing harm and maximizing benefits to participants, Accountability relates to the responsibility of researchers and institutions, and Informed consent pertains to the right of participants to understand what they are agreeing to in terms of participating in research. While these concepts are essential for ethical research practice, they do not specifically address the fairness and equity aspect that Justice does.